{"id":12805,"date":"2018-10-30T08:25:59","date_gmt":"2018-10-29T21:25:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/?p=12805"},"modified":"2026-03-18T11:55:22","modified_gmt":"2026-03-18T00:55:22","slug":"writing-rockface-the-point-of-view-disorder","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/writing-rockface-the-point-of-view-disorder\/","title":{"rendered":"Writing Rockface: The Point-of-View Disorder"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/zena-shapter-Setting-Stories-Free-1-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12840\" srcset=\"http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/zena-shapter-Setting-Stories-Free-1-300x225.jpg 300w, http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/zena-shapter-Setting-Stories-Free-1-768x576.jpg 768w, http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/zena-shapter-Setting-Stories-Free-1-150x113.jpg 150w, http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/zena-shapter-Setting-Stories-Free-1.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As well as writing <a href=\"http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/bibliography\/\">amazing stories<\/a> (he he!), I run a full-time <a href=\"https:\/\/zenashapter.com\/creative-support\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/zenashapter.com\/creative-support\/\">creative support<\/a> business, which includes editing, mentoring, teaching, book layouts, and other publishing support for authors and publishers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In my last post, I looked at <a href=\"http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/writing-rockface-the-filter-word-infection\/\">filter words<\/a>. Character \u2018point-of-view\u2019 or \u2018POV\u2019 is another writing issue close to my heart, because I love writing that transports me into another\u2019s experience and journey. The more unique and interesting the better! But when point-of-view isn\u2019t handled correctly, it jars me out of and disconnects me from my reading (though please note there are exceptions*).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Definition<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Character \u2018point-of-view\u2019 is the perspective from which writers choose to describe an event or experience. Once we have selected that perspective, we can narrate from that POV\u2019s experience, but nobody else\u2019s (not without first switching clearly and decisively into that other POV \u2013 see below). The main choices for POV are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u2022first person (I, me, my)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022second person (you, your)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022third person close or deep (she\/her, he\/his)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2022third person omniscient (all-knowing, all-seeing)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, if we decide to narrate a story from the perspective of Jane written in close third person, we can see, hear, touch, smell, taste and know everything Jane does, as if we\u2019re inside her head in real life. We can experience everything she experiences. However, we cannot experience what <em>John<\/em> experiences. If we do describe John\u2019s thoughts and feelings, without first clearly and decisively moving into his POV, we would be \u2018head-hopping\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We also cannot see, hear or know what Jane\u2019s whole village experiences, or predict the future \u2013 because Jane cannot do those things. A third person omniscient narration could, but not Jane. She can certainly guess at or hope what her village thinks, and she can guess at or hope for the future, but she cannot know for sure. To do otherwise would be to slip out of close third person and into third person omniscient. For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jane was certain the argument had finished. But John still had another card up his sleeve.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We can\u2019t know this about John. Jane could, however, guess at it from the way John smiles:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jane was certain the argument had finished. But John smiled like he still had another card up his sleeve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As for the village:<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jane quickly closed the front door. But the whole village had already heard them arguing.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We can\u2019t know this about the village from Jane&#8217;s perspective. Jane could, however, hope it:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jane quickly closed the front door, hoping the whole village hadn\u2019t heard them arguing.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" src=\"http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/zena-shapter-point-of-view-300x168.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12844\" srcset=\"http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/zena-shapter-point-of-view-300x168.jpg 300w, http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/zena-shapter-point-of-view-768x431.jpg 768w, http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/zena-shapter-point-of-view-150x84.jpg 150w, http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/zena-shapter-point-of-view.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Symptoms<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The main effects of head-hopping on a reader are disorientation, confusion and disconnection. In the above uncorrected example, we don\u2019t know why Jane suddenly knows what John knows, and might back-track and re-read the text to work it out. That, however, would be distracting and destroy both tension and trust with the writer. If we head-hop into a POV for no apparent reason, it can also produce a lack of focus in the text. Again, this endangers the trust we have in the writer to tell a well-focused narrative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Causes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mistakes in POV can be caused by a lack of practice, lazy tension-building, or an over-reliance on the classics. Many writers enjoy reading the classics, many of which were written in omniscient third person. Therefore, even when writing in close third person, writers can be tempted to tell readers everything they know about their characters, both on and off stage, because they\u2019ve grown up reading similar details.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But most modern readers prefer to experience a single character\u2019s perspective at a time. We enjoy the intimacy, and don\u2019t need to know everything all at once, as not-knowing creates an enjoyable mystery for us to discover. We love those classics too, but not the old-fashioned way they were written!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sometimes writers can also be tempted to dip into omniscient third person to build tension. For example, they might want to use lines such as \u2018little did Jane know that across town the chief of police had other ideas\u2019 or \u2018if only she knew how big a storm was brewing\u2019. However, this is lazy tension-building and should be replaced with tension that actually derives from plot or character.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Luckily, as soon as most of my clients understand POV, they usually treat their manuscripts easily enough, or get help.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"171\" src=\"http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/zena-shapter-fix-words-300x171.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12792\" srcset=\"http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/zena-shapter-fix-words-300x171.jpg 300w, http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/zena-shapter-fix-words-768x437.jpg 768w, http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/zena-shapter-fix-words-150x85.jpg 150w, http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/zena-shapter-fix-words.jpg 790w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Treatment<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Since every narrative needs a POV (and sometimes more than one), it\u2019s not a question of eliminating POVs, but managing them properly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Firstly, so that readers can keep track of the perspective they are in, the selected POV needs to be made clear as soon as possible, and at least within the first 1-2 paragraphs. Then that POV should be presented consistently. For example, if we\u2019re in Michelle\u2019s POV, she wouldn\u2019t see what Paul does here:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 Michelle turned her back on him.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 \u201cHa!\u201d Paul snapped. \u201cThat\u2019s typical of you!\u201d He glared at her before storming out the kitchen, down the hallway and slamming the front door behind him.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here&#8217;s the same scene with the POV corrected:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 Michelle turned her back on him.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 \u201cHa!\u201d Paul snapped. \u201cThat\u2019s typical of you!\u201d His footsteps slammed into the kitchen tiles, out the room, and down the hallway. The front door slammed shut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We also have to consider how POVs refer to themselves and what they think of their own actions. For example, if we\u2019re in Johnson\u2019s POV, he\u2019s unlikely to refer to himself as Officer Johnson, or think of himself as rude:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" src=\"http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/zena-shapter-cab-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12857\" srcset=\"http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/zena-shapter-cab-300x199.jpg 300w, http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/zena-shapter-cab-768x510.jpg 768w, http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/zena-shapter-cab-150x100.jpg 150w, http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/zena-shapter-cab.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 \u201cTake me to the wharf,\u201d Officer Johnson demanded rudely, throwing himself into the back of the cab.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Corrected:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 \u201cTake me to the wharf,\u201d Johnson demanded, throwing himself into the back of the cab.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sometimes POV can slip because of extra information the writer wants to get across. In that case, we need to consider whether the information is important to the plot. If it is, then we need to convey it through our selected POV, such as by their inferring or guessing details. Just as we do in real life, they can ask questions, listen to others&#8217; answers and read other characters\u2019 body language, they can observe and deduce. For example, if we\u2019re in Jane\u2019s POV, we can\u2019t know how John is feeling or thinking:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 Jane put down her book. John was furious. He\u2019d been assured the car was fixed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Corrected through dialogue:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 Jane put down her book. John\u2019s hands were balled into fists. \u201cWhat\u2019s wrong, sweetie?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 \u201cThe garage assured me the car was fixed.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Also for example, Wayne can\u2019t know how being dragged feels for this cowboy. He can only deduce from the evidence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 Wayne punched the cowboy onto his back, then dragged him to his horse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 \u201cLet me go!\u201d the cowboy screeched as sticks and stones tore through his shirt to scratch his skin, drawing blood.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Corrected:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 Wayne punched the cowboy onto his back, then dragged him to his horse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 \u201cLet me go!\u201d the cowboy screeched.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 When Wayne pulled him upright, his shirt back was torn, blood seeped through the gashes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We also have to pay attention to tone. Each POV should have its own distinctive narrative voice \u2013 with language choices that reflect that POV\u2019s age and background, favourite phrases or words, and unique speaking rhythms. For example, if Georgie is a young girl she\u2019s unlikely to use words such as \u2018extricating\u2019 or \u2018incessant\u2019:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 Georgie backed away from the bullies, quietly extricating herself from their incessant teasing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Corrected:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 Georgie backed away from the bullies. Their mean voices picked at her like seagulls on a cream bun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We need to watch for relevance too. For example, if Gill is busy rehearsing her lines, she wouldn\u2019t even think to describe her own eyes as jade green, as this is both an external observation and irrelevant to her current concerns:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 While Gill rehearsed her lines, a makeup artist hurried over.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 Hairspray in hand, she eased stray stands of hair away from Gill&#8217;s jade green eyes. \u201cGorgeous,\u201d she whispered.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Corrected by having someone else make the observation:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 While Gill rehearsed her lines, a makeup artist hurried over.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 Hairspray in hand, she eased stray stands of hair away from Gill&#8217;s eyes. \u201cGorgeous,\u201d she whispered. \u201cYour eyes are such a beautiful jade green.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">*Exceptions<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/zena-shapter-umbrella-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12801\" srcset=\"http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/zena-shapter-umbrella-300x200.jpg 300w, http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/zena-shapter-umbrella-768x512.jpg 768w, http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/zena-shapter-umbrella-150x100.jpg 150w, http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/zena-shapter-umbrella.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We can use multiple POVs in the same story if in doing so we broaden its voices or ideas, or enhances the narrative. But we first have to be sure multiple POVs work with the story. The best POVs are ones that reveal key narrative details to readers, advance plots or themes. Generally, the fewer POVs in a single story the better. So if a POV doesn\u2019t have a specific function, we should consider deleting it. After all, what purpose would that POV otherwise serve?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When introducing a new POV, it&#8217;s then best to use a scene or chapter break to clearly and decisively indicate switches. Immediately after that break, we should state the new POV as soon as possible (perhaps even by listing the POV as a sub-heading), and ensure the new POV has its own distinctive narrative voice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Of course, there are exceptions to every rule. Highly skilled or well-loved writers can switch POVs mid-sentence if they want to and we won&#8217;t even notice. One example of this is &#8216;Where the Crawdads Sing&#8217; by Delia Owens, where multiple shifting POVs work because the characters have been so well established individually before mixing up the POVs, so we already feel at home in each character&#8217;s perspective.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exercise:<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/zena-shapter-exercise-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12803\" srcset=\"http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/zena-shapter-exercise-300x225.jpg 300w, http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/zena-shapter-exercise-768x576.jpg 768w, http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/zena-shapter-exercise-150x113.jpg 150w, http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/zena-shapter-exercise.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Can you fix the POV mistakes in this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 Major Davy led his best friends, Jane and John, into the pie shop. \u201cWhat\u2019s everyone having? My treat.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 Jane was happy at least someone had remembered her and her husband\u2019s anniversary. Trust Davy to be so thoughtful.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 John eyed the sausage rolls. He was so hungry and there were only two left.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Questions?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do you consistently make POV mistakes? Do you have any exceptions to share? Let me know in the comments below! Need editing help? <a href=\"https:\/\/zenashapter.com\/contact\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/zenashapter.com\/contact\/\">Send me a message<\/a>!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As well as writing amazing stories (he he!), I run a full-time creative support business, which includes editing, mentoring, teaching, book layouts, and other publishing support for authors and publishers. In my last post, I looked at filter words. Character \u2018point-of-view\u2019 or \u2018POV\u2019 is another writing issue close to my\u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"continue-reading-button\"> <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/writing-rockface-the-point-of-view-disorder\/\">Continue reading<i class=\"crycon-right-dir\"><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":12844,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7],"tags":[67,1935,1933,2024,2031,2008,170,789,2026,734,2030,737,2004,1695,1993,496,497,739,1050,2023,1900,2029,2025,2028],"class_list":["post-12805","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-writer-advice","tag-authors","tag-book-layouts","tag-business","tag-causes","tag-classics","tag-creative","tag-definition","tag-editing","tag-exceptions","tag-first-person","tag-head-hopping","tag-mentoring","tag-omniscient","tag-point-of-view","tag-pov","tag-publishers","tag-publishing","tag-second-person","tag-support","tag-symptoms","tag-teaching","tag-third-person","tag-treatment","tag-writing-rockface"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/zena-shapter-point-of-view.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12805","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12805"}],"version-history":[{"count":44,"href":"http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12805\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16112,"href":"http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12805\/revisions\/16112"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12844"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12805"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12805"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/zenashapter.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12805"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}